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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures

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update: Nov 25,2009

1. Check if the person is conscious or unconscious.

Ask loudly right in his/her ear, "Are you OK ? " and pat lightly on the shoulder. If there is no response or no purposeful movement, it should be determined that he/she is "not responding." If he/she responds, listen carefully to what he/she says, and start administering first aid to prevent worsening of the condition or reduce the pain.

2. Call help.

If there is no response, ask for help from people in the vicinity. When someone volunteers to help, ask him/her to call 119 and bring an AED (Automated External Defibrillator). If there is no helping hand around, firstly call 119 by yourself, before starting the next procedures. Also, tell the 119 operator that the injured/sick person is "unconscious."

3. Open the airway.

Open the airway by using the "head tilt-chin lift technique" in order to make the back of the throat open up to allow air to go into the lung smoothly.
  1. Place the index and the middle fingers of one of your hands on the bony part of the chin and place the other hand on the forehead.
  2. Lift the bony part of the chin and push the forehead down to tilt the head backward so as to open the airway. Do not suddenly tilt back the head.

4. Confirm that he/she is breathing.

After opening the airway, check in 10 seconds or less if the injured/sick person is breathing normally (ordinary breathing).
  1. "Look" for the movement of chest and abdomen with your eyes.
  2. "Listen" for the breathing sound with your ear.
  3. "Feel" for the breath with your cheek.

Even if the person is breathing, it is necessary to open the airway if you hear a gurgling or wheezing sound.

Check for normal breathing (ordinary breathing ) and if it is not detected　→　5. Artificial respiration
 
The person is not responding but breathing normally.

Recovery position

If the person is not responding but breathing normally (ordinary breathing), put him/her in the "recovery position." 
 
If the person has to be kept in the recovery position for a prolonged time, he/she should be turned to the opposite side every 30 minutes or so, as the body parts on the lower side may be damaged due to poor blood circulation.

5. Artificial respiration

Check for normal breathing (ordinary breathing) and if it is not detected, administer two sets of artificial respiration.
  1. Pinch the injured/sick person's nose while keeping the airway open.
  2. Closely and completely cover his/her mouth, so that the breathed in air will not leak.
  3. Breathe in softly 2 times in 1 second, and confirm that his/her chest goes up.

Even if it is confirmed through observation that he/she is breathing, perform artificial respiration if the chest and abdomen are not sufficiently moving (his/her breathing is weak and shallow, he/she is making gasping sounds, etc.). It is advisable to use a mouthpiece for artificial respiration (with a unidirectional valve) so as not to touch the mouth or nose of the injured/sick person for the prevention of infection when administering artificial respiration.

6. Administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (continuous administering of artificial respiration and chest compressions in a combined manner)

Compress right between the nipples (on the sternum) 30 times, and then administer two sets of artificial respiration. Continue the above combination without interruption.
  1. Push down on the sternum to a depth of 4-5 centimeters.
  2. Compress at a rate of 100 times per minute.

As giving chest compressions is tiring, it is important to take turns mostly every two minutes in order to continue the process without interruption in cases where there are more than two rescuers.

When to stop the cardiopulmonary resuscitation

  • When the injured/sick person starts responding or displays purposeful movements
  • When he/she starts breathing normally (ordinary breathing)
  • When the emergency crew replaces you to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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●Information on this page is published by:
Publicity Affairs Section, Planning Department
Ichikawa City Hall
Yawata 1-1-1, Ichikawa City, Chiba Prefecture
電話：047-334-1106　FAX：047-336-2300
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